Flash Lectures 6 & 7

Modality Principle
Students learn better when words in a multimedia message are presented as spoken text rather than printed text.

Having pictures and text at the same time is overload for the eyes. (Particularly if it is a movie and you have limited time to process what you are seeing.) You only want one thing at a time per channel (audio and visual).

Redundancy Principle
Students learn better from animation and narration than from animation, narration, and text.

Redundancy Effect:
A situation, experience, circumstance, or condition where eliminating, reducing, or getting rid of redundant, superfluous, unnecessary, unneeded, extra material, objects, bits and pieces, or examples results in better, improved, increased, more successful performance than when the redundant, superfluous, unnecessary, unneeded, extra material is included or kept.

*BETTER*
Redundancy Effect:
Eliminating redundant material results in better performance.